Table 1 Table for selection of flanges and mechanical joints2.1 General TR2000 is a Piping and Valve Specification System. The basic principles of the system are to standardize requirements to components and to tailor the menu of Piping Class Sheets (PCS) to each plant´s need, i.e. process requirements. The TR2000 “Plants” includes piping and valve material specifications for Plant Categories "Operative Plants" including existing plants and realization projects, "Best Practice" library with piping class sheets (typical naming E MAS) and "Frame Agreements". For each plant, all relevant datasheets are collected in an Issue. The Issue contains a set of plant specific PCS´s, with specific revisions of all referenced datasheets i.e. MDS, VDS etc. To avoid frequent changes of a plant specific Issue, an Issue is not always updated to include the latest revision of datasheets referenced from PCS.SR-15915 - For projects in the study phase "Best Practice" library should be used as the basis for the studies. In cases where the project is mature and requires special piping classes, a plant for the project specific piping and valve specification shall be developed in the TR2000 database and will be located in Plant Category "Operative Plant". Reference is made to www.TR2000.net.SR-15916 - The TR2000 shall be developed along with material selection and process requirements to achieve a good2.2 Design codes SR-12659 - Design code is specified in TR2000 Piping Class sheet. ASME B31.3 shall normally be used. Other codes may be used when required and it shall then be identified in the TR2000 Piping Class sheets.SR-15918 - A general conformity assessment of use of ASME B31.3 / TR2000 under PED has been performed by two independent Norwegian Notified Bodies DNV GL and Kiwa. Discussions regarding use of ASME B31.3 as design code and materials (ASTM) are hence not any issue as long as any of these Notified Bodies are selected. Ref. PED tab in TR2000. If another Notified Body is selected for a project, the selected Notified Body has to perform an evaluation of TR2000 and use of ASME B31.3 under PED (preferable as an endorsement of DNV GL's and Kiwa's conclusions).2.4 Line sizing and material selection SR-12663 - Line sizing and material selection is a part of the development of a project’s TR2000 and shall be based on how material selection, piping class selection and process requirements affect the economical result.Reference is made to section 9 below for line sizing and optimization.See also section 3, “Flange pressure rating and design pressure" regarding design pressure for ASME and MSS-SP flanges.2.5 Piping specification in mechanical packages SR-12665 - Piping specification in mechanical packages or system modules shall be according to TR2000. However, for equipment where it is unreasonable to use this specification, the supplier may request a deviation. The deviation can only be implemented after acceptance. Deviation request shall include details enabling Company to evaluate if the alternative solution shall be included in TR2000.2.6 Valve selection SR-12667 - TR3017 Valve Selection Manual shall be used in projects. Engineering evaluation shall be performed with the objective to evaluate all affecting parameters and to achieve an optimal solution. Deviations to TR3017 may be proposed, but shall only be implemented if accepted.2.7 Flanges and mechanical joints (Clamp connector) SR-15919 - Flanges and/or mechanical joints are specified in each of the Piping Classes in TR2000. ASME B16.5 and ASME B 16.47 Series A (MSS-SP-44) shall generally be specified for pressure Class 150 and up to an including class 2500 Clamp connector may be specified for Class 1500 and higher up and including 12” size, see table 1.Valves are normally specified with flanged or mechanical joint connections. Piping inline equipment should be specified similarly. Deviation to this may be accepted if the equipment clearly is designed for the life time of the plant without need of disconnection, or if needed for special reasons, e g. toxic fluids. Other equipment connected to piping shall be specified with the same connection as stated in the Piping Class.2.7.1 ASME B16.5 flanges versus Compact flanges SR-12673 - ASME B16.5 (ASME B 16.47 Series A) ring joint facing shall be used as default for CL 600 to CL 2500.SR-12674 - Compact flanges should be used when the following conditions and design requirements are important for the project:• Beneficial to the stress calculation (more resistant to explosion loads).• The present design and layout will require or benefit in smaller flange dimensions.• Credited for safety (more safe than ASME B16.5 flanges) due to two sealing faces (heel and ring) and static behaviour of the flange.• The ring (gasket) is less exposed to the fluid, external environment and thereby corrosion.SR-12675 - When Compact flanges are selected they shall not be used for equipment listed below:• Spectacle blinds and spacers that are frequently used (every 6 month or more frequent)SR-14739 - Riser components on battery limit pipeline side of ESDV shall comply with TR1098, Submarine pipeline systems.SR-12676 - The project shall standardise on one type of flange/joint (to the maximum extent). SR-14734 - Manufacture/machining shall be prequalified prior to fabrication of Compact flanges.2.7.2.1 General requirements Compact flanges according to the standard ISO 27509 may be specified for pressure class 600 and higher and for pipe sizes 3” and larger.SR-16831 - Compact flange shall not be evaluated for use for pressure class below class 600 for austenitic stainless steel materials due to undesirable welding heat effects that can cause deformation on the flange.The project Piping Class will show the type of joints to be used.2.7.2.2 Compact flanges installed upstream of ESDV (riser side for offshore) SR-12681 - If flanges can be used on the riser side of a flow line, compact flanges shall be the preferred selection. For technical safety requirements see TR1055 (offshore) and TR2237 (onshore).SR-12682 - Where compact flanges are used on risers, the following additional technical requirements shall be adhered to:In addition to the assembly requirements in ISO 27509 the following shall be added and included in a procedure that shall be developed and accepted: Perform visual inspection to verify that there are no damages or corrosion on the flange sealing surface immediately prior to flange assembly and bolt-up. For preservation, apply a layer of thin oil on flange sealing surfaces and on the IX seal ring. Apply grease on the middle section of the bolt (the part of the bolt that will be inside the flange). Theremaining part of the bolt shall be lubricated with special paste for bolt torque. Protection caps should be provided for bolt and nut protruding out from flange. Apply a wax layer on the outside of the flange wedge in order to protect bolting from environmental moist etc. The seal ring shall not be re-used if the flange connection has been opened. A procedure shall be developed if the joint has to be re-opened including the requirements listed above.3.1 Occasional variation of pressure and temperature SR-12688 - ASME B31.3 allows for the piping to be exposed to temperature and pressure over the design in periods as defined in ASME B31.3 § 302.2.4. The use of this paragraph is encouraged where significant cost and weight savings can be achieved. To ensure safe and consistent practice and to document the use for the operational phase, the use of this paragraph shall be documented and approved in deviation system; DISP. The content of the deviation request shall be as specified in 3.1.4. The two Norwegian Notified Bodies DnV and TIS have accepted the use of this paragraph under PED.Shut-in pressure of well stream when considerably higher than normal operating conditions Shut-in pressure of pumps and compressors Equalising pressure across discharge to suction pressure of compressors and pumps. When PSHH or PSH dependent on process case can be set high enough compared to normal operating condition to avoid operating limitation. In such cases design condition should be at the PSHH or PSH if considerable saving in piping material is achieved Pressure surge, e.g. water hammer, see GL1951.These are examples only and other cases may be evaluated.3.1.2 PSV set pressure SR-12693 - ASME B31.3 § 322.6.3 (b) and (c) with respect to PSV set pressure shall be included in the evaluation, also noting that note 13 in (c) of the § is met. This means that set pressure of PSV that is protecting the piping may be set at a higher pressure than the design pressure given in the piping class.3.1.3 Exposure time SR-16833 - For exposure above the design pressure, Company philosophy is that the nature of and potential for the exposure time should be evaluated and grouped within the time frames in ASME B31.3, § 302.2.4 (f) (1) and (2), based on the time being nominal time. In each case of occasional overload scenarios, fulfilments of the ASME B31.3 Chapter 302.2.4 requirements shall be documented. In most cases the nature of and potential for exposure over design will be sufficient documentation of fulfilment of code requirements. Logging of time will normally not be required. The effect of fatigue of the piping and the effect the enhanced condition may have on other connected pressure equipment, i.e. valves, fittings, vessels etc., shall be taken into account.3.1.4 Justification of piping overpressure SR-12698 - For piping systems with possible overpressure scenarios, the following minimum documentation shall be included in a deviation request.Based on process data Per cent overpressure above design (100%) ASME B31.3 § 302.2.4 Cause of overpressure Expected frequency of overpressure Expected duration and mechanisms that will limit the duration Measures to document that the ASME requirements are satisfied Cost / benefit assessment Evaluation of potential risk in case of leakage from rated components or damage to equipment. Confirmation from the suppliers that involved valves and equipment will handle the overpressure if the pressure exceeds 1,1 times the valve design pressure.There shall be an approved deviation application before it is designed for overpressure and implementation in a project. This is to ensure a uniform treatment within Company of such cases.3.2 ASME B16.5 flange pressure rating including valves and equipment flanges SR-12701 - For certain materials, Company uses higher pressure rating than tabulated in ASME B16.5. This is based on experience prior to the time the material was included in ASME B16.5, and based on evaluation and calculation according to ASME B31.3 and ASME VIII Div. 1. The Piping Classes and valves in TR2000 are specified with the rating as determined by Company. Flanges on equipment that are connected to the piping shall be according to the rating of ASME B16.5 or TR2000, whichever is the higher rating.Example of material that is used with higher pressure rating than in ASME B16.5 are 22 and 25 Cr duplex material, 6Mo and titanium.ASME B16.5 ASME B16.47A Compact flange Mechanical Joints <=24" 26"-60" CL150 CL300 <=24" 26"-60" CL600 <=24" 26"-60" 3"-48" CL900 <=24" 26M8" 3"-48" 1„ 1 2 „ CL1500 <=24" 3"-48" r 12" CL2500 <=12" 3"-24" CL4500—> 1"-12"SR-15917 - New piping classes and Valve Data Sheets shall be generated from the TR2000 based on existing piping component articles. All adjustments and/or additional piping classes/Valve Data Sheets etc. shall be approved.SR-12661 - The European Union Pressure Directive (PED) is mandatory for plants located within the European Economic Area (EEA). If changes in the TR2000 are proposed relative to PED, then Company shall be addressed with the objective to participate in discussion and communications in order to maintain the TR2000 technology. Contractor shall develop and present a PED strategy to Company, detailing Contractor's methods to achieve PED compliance. Each project shall be responsible for PED compliance by a Notified Body’s formal approval. Engagement of Notified Body in this process is dependent on the Contractor’s quality system and the selected quality module.SR-15868 - The development of the TR2000 must be started early in the project phase and will be a “living” document as the development of the project progresses. This includes all project development phases.SR-15918 - A general conformity assessment of use of ASME B31.3 / TR2000 under PED has been performed by two independent Norwegian Notified Bodies DNV GL and Kiwa. Discussions regarding use of ASME B31.3 as design code and materials (ASTM) are hence not any issue as long as any of these Notified Bodies are selected. Ref. PED tab in TR2000.Special design of compact flanges outside ISO 27509 shall be verified according to ISO 10423 Annex F or qualified according to ARIS, Qualify technology for first use. Compact flange design shall be verified and accepted by technical personnel - typically discipline responsible (internal or external) having relevant competence on compact flanges. Weld neck compact flanges shall be made according to ISO 27509. The compact flanges shall be subject to individual dimensional checks. A test procedure for testing of flange after welding to pup piece or riser shall be developed and accepted. The test procedure shall as a minimum include the following requirements: The flange shall be individually pressure tested to verify and document that the sealing surfaces in both heal and ring groove are tight. The flange shall be tested with blind flange designed with a test port between flange heal and ring groove. Test no. 1 shall be performed with a IX seal ring in the compact flange ring groove with 1.5 times the design pressure to verify the flange heel sealing capability. The pressure shall be monitored and any leakage shall be measured through the blind flange test port. Test no. 2 shall be performed with a IX seal ring in the compact flange ring groove with 1.5 times the design pressure of the Piping Class in both flange bore and blind flange test port to verify the flange ring groove sealing capability. Any leakage shall be measured with a pressure gauge through the blind flange test port by monitoring any pressure decrease. Alternative test procedures may be proposed for evaluation and acceptance.SR-15915 - For projects in the study phase "Best Practice" library should be used as the basis for the studies. In cases where the project is mature and requires special piping classes, a plant for the project specific piping and valve specification shall be developed in the TR2000 database and will be located in Plant Category "Operative Plant". Reference is made to www.TR2000.net.SR-15915 - For projects in the study phase "Best Practice" library should be used as the basis for the studies. In cases where the project is mature and requires special piping classes, a plant for the project specific piping and valve specification shall be developed in the TR2000 database and will be located in Plant Category "Operative Plant". Reference is made to www.TR2000.net.